Main Article Content
Abstract
Acalypha is a genus native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world and eastern North America and Asia, with some species considered as aliens in Eurasia. The European flora is reported to include four species, all occurring in Italy according to Plant of the World Online database. As part of the ongoing studies of the flora of Treviso Province (Veneto region, north-eastern Italy), we came across to a population of A. rhomboidea Raf. which represents not only the first record for Veneto and the second one for the Italian flora, but also the fifth discovery of the species out of its native range; a description of the species (the first one for Italy), ecological remarks, and a map of the European occurrences are provided.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Duilio Iamonico, Manuel Crosato

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References
- Biondi, E., Blasi, C., 2015: Prodromo della Vegetazione d’Italia. Retrieved January 23, 2025 from https://www.prodromo-vegetazione-italia.org/.
- Borovečki-Voska, Lj., Horvatić, B., Cunjak, Z. 2023: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Euphorbiaceae) – a new alien species in the flora of Croatia. Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 11(2), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.46232/glashbod.11.2.2
- Ceschin, S., Abati, S., Leacche, I., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Zuccarello, V., 2016: Does the alien Lemna minuta show an invasive behaviour outside its original range? Evidence of antagonism with the native L. minor in central Italy. International Review of Hydrobiology 101(5-6), 173–181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.201601841
- De Almeida, J. D., Costa Mato, A. 2006: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Euphorbiaceae), naturalized in Portugal (new for Europe). Rhodora 101, 217–233.
- Del Guacchio, E., 2005: New data for the exotic flora of Campania. Quaderni di Botanica Ambentale e Applicata 16, 175–180.Di Pietro, R., Perna, M. R., Iamonico, D., 2021: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.. In: Raab–Straube E. von, Raus T. (eds), Euro+Med–Cheklist notulae 14. Willdenowia 51, 360. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.51.51304
- HUH Index of botanists 2013-onwards: Index of botanists, Harward University Herbaria & Libraries. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Constantine Samuel. Retrieved January 21, 2025 from https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?mode=details&id=752.
- Iamonico., D., 2021: First record of a naturalized population of the tropical Colocasia esculenta (Araceae) in Italy, and clarifications about its occurrence in southeastern Europe. Acta Botanica Croatica 80(2), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-018
- Iamonico., D., Lastrucci L., Cecchi L., 2010: Invasività di Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) lungo il Fiume Arno in Provincia di Firenze (Toscana, Italia centrale). Informatore Botanico Italiano 42(1), 131–136.
- Iamonico., D., Nicolella, G., 2023: Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae), new to the Italian alien woody flora and second record for continental Europe. Feddes Repertorium 135(2), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202300040
- Iamonico., D., Nicolella, G., 2024: First record of the woody Melaleuca williamsii s.l. (Myrtaceae) out of its native range. Acta Botanica Croatica 83(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-019
- Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1823) Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique, vol. 3. Panckoucke, Paris.
- Levin, G. A., 2016: Acalypha L. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae) 12, 162‒172. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Levin, G. A., Cardinal-McTeague, W. M., Steinmann, W. W., Sagun, V. G., 2022: Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae). Systematic Botany 47(2), 477–497. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275034
- Levin, G. A., Steinmann, V. W., Cardiel, J. M., 2025: (3080) Proposal to conserve the name Acalypha ostryifolia against A. persimilis (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 74(2), 469–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13337
- Mackenzie, K. K., 1928: Concerning the proper identification of Linnaean species, especially those based on material collected by Clayton. Rhodora 30, 232–237.
- Martínez-Gordillo, M., Fragoso-Martínez, I., Velasco-Gutiérrez, K., 2022: A new species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Phytotaxa 539(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.1
- Michaux, A., 1803: Flora boreali-americana, sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit Andreas Michaux. Fratres Levrault, Parisiis et Argentorati.
- Montero Muñoz, I., Cardiel, J. M., Levin, G. A., 2018: Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago). PhytoKeys 108, 85–116. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284
- Müller, J., 1865: Euphorbiaceae. Linnaea 34, 1–2.
- Pignatti, S., Guarino, R., La Rosa, M., 2017: Flora d’Italia, vol. 2. (2nd ed.). Edagricole, Milano.
- Portal to the Flora of Italy, 2025+: Retrieved January 19, 2025 from https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=12919.
- POWO, 2025+: Plant of the World Online. Retrieved January 19, 2025 from https://powo.science.kew.org/.
- Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G. L., Williamson, M., Kirschner, J., 2004: Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon 53(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135498
- Rafinesque, C. S., 1836: New flora and botany of North America, or a supplemental flora, additional to all the botanical works on North America and the United States. Containing 1000 new or revised species. Printed by the author, Philadelphia.
- Reveal, J. L., Charles, E. J., Barrie, F. R., 1990: (981) Proposal to conserve the name and type of Acalypha virginica L (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 39(2), 361–363. https://doi.org/10. 2307/1223077
- Sîrbu, C., 2023: Acalypha rhomboidea in the vascular flora of Romania. Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis 49(1), 39–47. 10.62229/ahbb491Z1Grd.5s07n
- Stafleu, F. A., Cowan, R. S., 1983: Taxonomic literature. 2nd ed. IV: P–Sak. Scheltema & Holtema, Utrecht.
- Thiers, B., 2026-onward (continuously updated): Index herbariorum. New York Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2026 from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
- Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Gandhi, K. N., Gravendyck, J., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Klopper, R. R., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., May, T. W., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J., Smith, G. F., Zamora Señoret, J. C. 2025: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Madrid Code). – Regnum Veg. 162. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226839479.001.0001
- Tutin, T. G., 1968: Acalypha L. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 2 (Rosaceae to Umbelliferae), 212. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Walter, T., 1788: Flora caroliniana: secundum systema vegetabilium perillustris Linnaei digesta; characteres essentiales naturalesve et differentias veras exhibens; cum emendationibus numerosis: descriptionum antea evulgatarum: adumbrationes stirpium plus mille continens: necnon, generibus novis non paucis, speciebus plurimis novisq. ornata. Sumptibus J. Fraser Prostant venales apud J. Wenman, Londini.
- Warren, L., 2004: Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: A voice in the American wilderness. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.
- Weatherby, C. A., 1927: The group of Acalypha virginica in eastern North America. Rhodora 29, 193–204.
- Weatherby, C. A., 1940: Rafinesque types in the group of Acalypha virginica. Rhodora 42, 96.
References
Biondi, E., Blasi, C., 2015: Prodromo della Vegetazione d’Italia. Retrieved January 23, 2025 from https://www.prodromo-vegetazione-italia.org/.
Borovečki-Voska, Lj., Horvatić, B., Cunjak, Z. 2023: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Euphorbiaceae) – a new alien species in the flora of Croatia. Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 11(2), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.46232/glashbod.11.2.2
Ceschin, S., Abati, S., Leacche, I., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Zuccarello, V., 2016: Does the alien Lemna minuta show an invasive behaviour outside its original range? Evidence of antagonism with the native L. minor in central Italy. International Review of Hydrobiology 101(5-6), 173–181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.201601841
De Almeida, J. D., Costa Mato, A. 2006: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Euphorbiaceae), naturalized in Portugal (new for Europe). Rhodora 101, 217–233.
Del Guacchio, E., 2005: New data for the exotic flora of Campania. Quaderni di Botanica Ambentale e Applicata 16, 175–180.Di Pietro, R., Perna, M. R., Iamonico, D., 2021: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.. In: Raab–Straube E. von, Raus T. (eds), Euro+Med–Cheklist notulae 14. Willdenowia 51, 360. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.51.51304
HUH Index of botanists 2013-onwards: Index of botanists, Harward University Herbaria & Libraries. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Constantine Samuel. Retrieved January 21, 2025 from https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?mode=details&id=752.
Iamonico., D., 2021: First record of a naturalized population of the tropical Colocasia esculenta (Araceae) in Italy, and clarifications about its occurrence in southeastern Europe. Acta Botanica Croatica 80(2), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-018
Iamonico., D., Lastrucci L., Cecchi L., 2010: Invasività di Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) lungo il Fiume Arno in Provincia di Firenze (Toscana, Italia centrale). Informatore Botanico Italiano 42(1), 131–136.
Iamonico., D., Nicolella, G., 2023: Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae), new to the Italian alien woody flora and second record for continental Europe. Feddes Repertorium 135(2), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202300040
Iamonico., D., Nicolella, G., 2024: First record of the woody Melaleuca williamsii s.l. (Myrtaceae) out of its native range. Acta Botanica Croatica 83(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-019
Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1823) Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique, vol. 3. Panckoucke, Paris.
Levin, G. A., 2016: Acalypha L. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae) 12, 162‒172. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Levin, G. A., Cardinal-McTeague, W. M., Steinmann, W. W., Sagun, V. G., 2022: Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae). Systematic Botany 47(2), 477–497. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275034
Levin, G. A., Steinmann, V. W., Cardiel, J. M., 2025: (3080) Proposal to conserve the name Acalypha ostryifolia against A. persimilis (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 74(2), 469–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13337
Mackenzie, K. K., 1928: Concerning the proper identification of Linnaean species, especially those based on material collected by Clayton. Rhodora 30, 232–237.
Martínez-Gordillo, M., Fragoso-Martínez, I., Velasco-Gutiérrez, K., 2022: A new species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Phytotaxa 539(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.1
Michaux, A., 1803: Flora boreali-americana, sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit Andreas Michaux. Fratres Levrault, Parisiis et Argentorati.
Montero Muñoz, I., Cardiel, J. M., Levin, G. A., 2018: Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago). PhytoKeys 108, 85–116. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284
Müller, J., 1865: Euphorbiaceae. Linnaea 34, 1–2.
Pignatti, S., Guarino, R., La Rosa, M., 2017: Flora d’Italia, vol. 2. (2nd ed.). Edagricole, Milano.
Portal to the Flora of Italy, 2025+: Retrieved January 19, 2025 from https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=12919.
POWO, 2025+: Plant of the World Online. Retrieved January 19, 2025 from https://powo.science.kew.org/.
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G. L., Williamson, M., Kirschner, J., 2004: Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon 53(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135498
Rafinesque, C. S., 1836: New flora and botany of North America, or a supplemental flora, additional to all the botanical works on North America and the United States. Containing 1000 new or revised species. Printed by the author, Philadelphia.
Reveal, J. L., Charles, E. J., Barrie, F. R., 1990: (981) Proposal to conserve the name and type of Acalypha virginica L (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 39(2), 361–363. https://doi.org/10. 2307/1223077
Sîrbu, C., 2023: Acalypha rhomboidea in the vascular flora of Romania. Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis 49(1), 39–47. 10.62229/ahbb491Z1Grd.5s07n
Stafleu, F. A., Cowan, R. S., 1983: Taxonomic literature. 2nd ed. IV: P–Sak. Scheltema & Holtema, Utrecht.
Thiers, B., 2026-onward (continuously updated): Index herbariorum. New York Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2026 from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Gandhi, K. N., Gravendyck, J., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Klopper, R. R., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., May, T. W., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J., Smith, G. F., Zamora Señoret, J. C. 2025: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Madrid Code). – Regnum Veg. 162. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226839479.001.0001
Tutin, T. G., 1968: Acalypha L. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 2 (Rosaceae to Umbelliferae), 212. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Walter, T., 1788: Flora caroliniana: secundum systema vegetabilium perillustris Linnaei digesta; characteres essentiales naturalesve et differentias veras exhibens; cum emendationibus numerosis: descriptionum antea evulgatarum: adumbrationes stirpium plus mille continens: necnon, generibus novis non paucis, speciebus plurimis novisq. ornata. Sumptibus J. Fraser Prostant venales apud J. Wenman, Londini.
Warren, L., 2004: Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: A voice in the American wilderness. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.
Weatherby, C. A., 1927: The group of Acalypha virginica in eastern North America. Rhodora 29, 193–204.
Weatherby, C. A., 1940: Rafinesque types in the group of Acalypha virginica. Rhodora 42, 96.
